In recent decades, a growing scholarship has outlined the crucial role of social networks as a source of resilience. However, with regard to the Global South, the role of social networks for the resilience of rural communities remains an under-researched and under-conceptualised issue, because research remains scattered between different strands and has rarely been integrated from a resilience perspective. To provide common ground for an exchange between disciplines and to identify steps towards a more comprehensive social network perspective on the resilience of rural communities in the Global South, we present a systematic review of contemporary case studies from three strands of research: (i) natural resource management, (ii) agricultural innovation, and (iii) social support. Although studies in each strand have their own particular strengths and weaknesses in addressing aspects of the resilience of rural communities in the Global South, they all share a static view of the outcomes of social networks, tend to emphasise structure over agency, and neglect spatial dimensions of social relations. To address these challenges, we propose a trans local social network perspective on resilience that views rural communities as being embedded in social networks that connect people and facilitate the flow of resources, information and knowledge between places.